PR Basics. Lesson 1: Strategy and Planning

Dear all! Long time, no see (I mean read), ha? Yeah, I know I have been quite short on blog posts these past two weeks - caught cold, went on a trip to Aberdeen (I will tell you about it soon), made some great professional achievements, almost finished that online course in brand management and conquered the world. :)

Now I am back, and first of all, would like to thank you sooooo much for reading me! Surprisingly, you people are coming back for more everyday and I appreciate that enormously. My special thanks to people from France (they seem to be the most active audience this week)- Merci beaucoup!

I decided to make some kind of a schedule, so that my blog will be updated quite regularly. Thus, if you want to read about some 'current issues in digital, marketing and PR' - please, check my blog on Mondays (at least). Today, and on the following Tuesdays I thought I will write pieces on the PR basics and than on Friday we will have fun discussing 'not-so-much-PRandMarketing' stuff.

Deal? Let me know what you think, and here comes the new blog post.

PR Basics. Lesson 1: Strategy and Planning

When people think of public relations many association have something to do with celebrities, buzz and glance magazines or spin doctors maybe. The one idea that unites all of these images is publicity which is a form or rather a part of public relations that may be characterised as fast results seeking tool: increase in the number of publication on the related topic, mentioning, Tweets and overall popularity. The missing component here is strategy or a deeper understanding of how PR functions. Not that you would not get any results; moreover, one might argue there is no such thing as bad publicity (or bad PR even), but without a clear understanding and therefore strategy you will end up in a place like:

Rachel: Yeah but y’know what they say Mon, "There’s no such thing as bad press."

Monica: You don’t think that umm, (reading) "The chef’s Mahi Mahi was awful awful," is bad press?

Quote from our favourite 'Friends' (The One With The Cooking Class)

Anyway, how can the general mission of every PR campaign be described? 

Let`s put it this way: there is a situation (product, service, person etc.) and people (audience) perceive it in a certain way, but we need to change this perception, so that the object will be seen as better/cheaper/fancier/smarter; and this is what PR does - changes perceptions or decreases the existing perception gap. 

Here is a sandwich, but you need people to consider it as an exclusive dish from Michelin star restaurant. How do we do that? One of my PR teachers used to give an example from O.Henry's 'Cabbages and Kings' where people leaving on that sandy island were trying to be convinced that they desperately need to get shoes. Perception gap would be 'why do you need shoes on a beach' and 'PR solution' appeared to be - place some itchy-sratchy stuff all over the island, so people won`t have a choice. Well, I guess that`s not really ethical example and the tactics chosen is far away from communicational; however, this story vividly illustrates the idea.

1. Start with research

It really is important to start with evaluating what you have and what are the expected outcomes. Interestingly, modern campaigners seem to neglect the importance of theory in their practice. The one possible explanation is that opportunistic product launches, promotions  and similar actions quite often deliver great results, so more people start to believe in the magic power of chance and destiny. Still, it should be argued that nothing happens without hard work and one can only allow sudden improvisations if they are properly planned in advance. This idea is being substantially challenged with all the digital world influence, because contrary to more traditional means of communication, the Internet and social media are rather difficult to control. So the Internet involved crisis are the most difficult to manage.

What is it every PR practitioner have to remember? The following guide might seem quite obvious for real PR sharks, so I designed it for beginners. However, with all the emerged digital opportunities even professionals tend to forget the basics. So, here is a 3 step mini guide to a great campaign strategy.

Every well planned project has to start with the phase where the object of PR is scrutinised in terms of what is good and bad about it. With the earlier mentioned example it would be like: is our sandwich delicious; is it easy to cook; do we need rare and expensive ingredients for it; can we make a vegan option etc. This should provide a clear idea of how this sandwich stands out from other snacks and what can be done to make it better. Later on, the similar analysis of the environment where the sandwich is going to be promoted has to be done: what type of food do people eat at this area; do they prefer fast food or a proper table; are there any other companies making sandwiches. The research should also involve the assessment of the perception gap - whose perception do we want to change; how those people see a sandwich; how do we want them to see it; how big is this difference. In the end of the research, having understood and articulated the gap, campaign objectives can be set.

2. Set clear objectives

This stage is as important as a previous one as it dictates the success of the results. If you do not know what you want to achieve, how will you achieve it? It is like when I go shopping without having a shopping list I end up buying all the unnecessary items (hm...actually I rarely cary a shopping list with me, so even if I know that I need a coat, a pair of shoes and a jumper quite often get to my shopping bag. So, yeah, stick to the plan!). Every marketing student knows the key to formulating excellent objectives - they just have to be:

S	M	A	R	T
p	e	c	e	i
e	a	h	l	m
c	s	i	e	e
i	u	e	v	d
f	r	v	a
i	a	a	n
c	b	b	t
	l	l
	e	e

SPECIFIC - Red Woollen Jumper

MEASURABLE - Size S

ACHIEVABLE - Go to H&M and stay away from AllSaints (they actually rarely sell red stuff, just so you know)

RELEVANT - Get a woollen coat and not a swimming suit, because it is +7 outside

TIMED - You need it today! (This is what clients would normally tell you even though it looks impossible)

( I just love those example with cloths and food. Feel free to send me food and T-shirts :)

In other words, clear objective have to be the ones easy to formulate, monitor and achieve. Another thing to remember about the campaign objectives is that they can be divided at least into the two categories: informational objective and motivational ones. Thus, when perception needs to be changed it can either be about wanting people to know and think something about your sandwich/jumper (awareness and attitude) or wanting them to buy and eat/wear it (behaviour). Depending on what is it you want to happen, the objectives will differ.

Levels of objectives:

Informational => Awareness

                         Attitude

(That`s like if you are asking you friend/boyfriend/mom etc to buy you a jumper, you should inform them what you want and why, and more importantly, convince them it is really vital for you to have that jumper) 

Motivational  => Behaviour

( That`s a tricky part - to get your friend/boyfriend/mom etc to go and get the jumper. I found some shops provide you with those cute greeting cards, where you just write your size, colour and the item you want. So that you can than present a card to the beloved ones and 'motivate' them to buy you a gift)

3. Finish with research

Start and finish with evaluation. This is the only way to know whether campaign goes successfully and if something can be done to improve it or to keep going. Therefore, the modern interpretation of SMART goals suggests they should be SMARTER, where E stands for evaluation and R for re-evaluation. Working on the mistakes and little victories is something that improves the quality of every process.

(Here I could have provided you with some great comparison and more jumper/sandwich examples, but I would really appreciate if you can share your ideas of what E and R stands for in a 'jumper/sandwich scenario')


Write to you soon! =*

New iPhone and new marketing lessons

Hi guys! Thanks for reading my recent post, I really appreciate that!

As promised, today's story will feature the new iPhone (iPhones) and the marketing side of the product launch in particular. First of all, I have seen them both already, touched and used the new fingerprint scanner. Moreover, my flatmate has already got a brand new iPhone 5S in granite colour. (Happy Birthday Song!) Yes, actually black&white Apple phones are in the past (unless we are talking about 5C), they are now silver, granite and champaign (at least from my colour perception standpoint).

Another thing I was happy to know is that Glasgow is one of those places where you can get a new Apple product at the date of actual release, which was September 20th (and pre-order from September 13th). By the way, according to some 'street statistics' (the number of people I saw queuing in from of the Apple Store) at least in Glasgow new iPhones where successful. My friend told me that the store opened at 8.00 and at 8.30 everything was already sold out! In case you would need some more authoritative figures - 9 million copies were sold on the opening weekend. More info here.

With all the negative stuff, like bugs, fingerprint scanner hack and so on, my verdict is the following - I would still want to get a new iPhone, because it is cool, even the 5C (for me C actually stands for cool), but like I would not spend my last penny on it (which I did with my iPhone 4s). It is like the excitment is over.... Wait, iPhone advocates, before hating me, let me just explain my point in more details. I would not talk about the technology and 64-smth processor, because I don't really care, but Apple`s marketing strategy - this is what caught my attention. And yes, new iPhone is successful, but there was this thin line Apple people have almost crossed.

1. The art of keeping secrets. Me, and I believe all the Apple fans, where quite dissapointed when long before the date of official release, it was possible to find everything (95% of information, to be precise) on the new phone model - colours, design, innovative features etc. Yes, I get that every other year data licks happened, that`s ok - this makes the excitement stronger and adds to the intrigue (is it true? did you know the new iPhone will be crystal? similar rumors). The thing is that we never knew the whole truth before Jobs or Cook revealed the big mystery. Therefore, what I don`t get is why was it so hard to have the secret kept this year. You might disagree, but the stock market defends my opinion - the very same day after iPhones 5S and 5C were released, company`s stock went down by 5%! And experts say due to the lack of new information: we did not heard anything new - everything has been seen in advance.

2. The power of brand. In the new university course I have just started doing online, brand was defined as a relatonship between the manufacturer (creator) and the customer. It kind of like a promise, supported with additional value company gives to their customers. People are irrational about their consumer behaviour, therefore, what they want from brand is not so much the substance, but emotion. It is all about iPhone making you feel happy/excited/on top of the world/chosen/rich/whatever. I believe iPhone equals luxury. At least few years ago, back at home one could rarely find young people using the expensive Apple masterpiece.

They used to buy it to make a statement - every celebrity, fashion, art people prefer (prefered?) iPhones, because they were so deifferent and so much better than other smartphones. Nowadays, HTC and Samsung are not far behind (I`d say it`s rather arguable which smartphone has it all and which does not). Subsequently, Apple must stick with the basics - be luxurious. However, they decided to conquer the new markets and make the cheap, sorry, colourful version. Here I would like to quote this witty review on Wired by +Katie Collins:

'When Apple finally confirmed that it would be releasing a cheaper plastic iPhone, almost no one was surprised -- rumours and leaks have been rife for many months. What was more of a surprise was that the cheap, plastic iPhone wasn't quite so cheap and plasticky after all.'

To illustrate the point, according to the report by We Are Social, 81% of social media buzz around the iPhone 5C launch was negative, with almost a half of mentionings being critical about device`s design and more than a third dissappointed with the price.

On the one hand, the cheaper model was inevitable, because of the modern market enironment. Moreover, the same strategy seemed to work pretty well with the iPod and iPad mini. On the other hand, iPhone 5C is not that cheap to compete with the competitors and 'damages' (?) the luxury brand attribute. 

3. As the result, we can see the changing face of Apple brand. As I mentioned above, I guess 'C' now stands for 'cool'. This idea is proven by the recent research (12th annual CoolBrands survey) on brand perception, where Apple tops the list of the coolest brands, and not so much the list of luxury ones. I don`t know where the new marketing strategy is good or bad, we will see in a couple of years. Anyway, that`s a great topic for discussion - how big brands should adapt to the changing environments and how adaptable can the marketing strategy be. 

Let me know what you think!

Best regards,

M